TY - JOUR
T1 - Long-term effects of advice to consume a high-protein, low-fat diet, rather than a conventional weight-loss diet, in obese adults with Type 2 diabetes
T2 - One-year follow-up of a randomised trial
AU - Brinkworth, G. D.
AU - Noakes, M.
AU - Parker, B.
AU - Foster, P.
AU - Clifton, P. M.
PY - 2004/10/1
Y1 - 2004/10/1
N2 - Aims/hypothesis. This study compared the long-term weight loss and health outcomes at 1-year follow-up, after a 12-week intensive intervention consisting of two low-fat, weight-loss diets, which differed in protein content. Methods. We randomly assigned 66 obese patients (BMI: 27-40 kg/m2) with Type 2 diabetes to either a low-protein (15% protein, 55% carbohydrate) or high-protein diet (30% protein, 40% carbohydrate) for 8 weeks of energy restriction (∼6.7 MJ/day) and 4 weeks of energy balance. Subjects were asked to maintain the same dietary pattern for a further 12 months of follow-up. Results. The study was completed by 38 of the subjects, with equal dropouts in each group. At Week 64, weight reductions against baseline were -2.2±1.1 kg (low protein) and -3.7±1.0 kg (high protein), p<0.01, with no diet effect. Fat mass was not different from baseline in either group. At Week 12, both diets reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 6 and 3 mm Hg respectively, but blood pressure increased more with weight regain during follow-up in the low-protein group (p≤0.04). At Week 64, both diets significantly increased HDL cholesterol and lowered C-reactive protein concentrations. There was no difference in the urinary urea : creatinine ratio at baseline between the two groups, but this ratio increased at Week 12 (in the high-protein group only, p<0.001, diet effect), remaining stable during follow-up in both diets. Conclusions/interpretation. A high-protein weight-reduction diet may in the long term have a more favourable cardiovascular risk profile than a low-protein diet with similar weight reduction in people with Type 2 diabetes.
AB - Aims/hypothesis. This study compared the long-term weight loss and health outcomes at 1-year follow-up, after a 12-week intensive intervention consisting of two low-fat, weight-loss diets, which differed in protein content. Methods. We randomly assigned 66 obese patients (BMI: 27-40 kg/m2) with Type 2 diabetes to either a low-protein (15% protein, 55% carbohydrate) or high-protein diet (30% protein, 40% carbohydrate) for 8 weeks of energy restriction (∼6.7 MJ/day) and 4 weeks of energy balance. Subjects were asked to maintain the same dietary pattern for a further 12 months of follow-up. Results. The study was completed by 38 of the subjects, with equal dropouts in each group. At Week 64, weight reductions against baseline were -2.2±1.1 kg (low protein) and -3.7±1.0 kg (high protein), p<0.01, with no diet effect. Fat mass was not different from baseline in either group. At Week 12, both diets reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 6 and 3 mm Hg respectively, but blood pressure increased more with weight regain during follow-up in the low-protein group (p≤0.04). At Week 64, both diets significantly increased HDL cholesterol and lowered C-reactive protein concentrations. There was no difference in the urinary urea : creatinine ratio at baseline between the two groups, but this ratio increased at Week 12 (in the high-protein group only, p<0.001, diet effect), remaining stable during follow-up in both diets. Conclusions/interpretation. A high-protein weight-reduction diet may in the long term have a more favourable cardiovascular risk profile than a low-protein diet with similar weight reduction in people with Type 2 diabetes.
KW - Blood pressure
KW - Glucose
KW - High protein
KW - Insulin
KW - Lipids
KW - Obesity
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=11144260151&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s00125-004-1511-7
DO - 10.1007/s00125-004-1511-7
M3 - Article
C2 - 15480538
AN - SCOPUS:11144260151
VL - 47
SP - 1677
EP - 1686
JO - Diabetologia
JF - Diabetologia
SN - 0012-186X
IS - 10
ER -