Abstract
The objective of this study was to measure the effects on serum lipids and plasma phytosterols of 6.6 g/day phytosterols from three foods (bread, breakfast cereal, and spread) consumed for 12 weeks compared with a diet that was not enriched with phytosterols. Thirty-five subjects undertook a nonrandomized, single-blind study consisting of a 2 week baseline period, 6 weeks on high-phytosterol intake, 6 weeks on high-phytosterol intake plus increased fruit and vegetable intake, and a final 2 week washout period. Serum total cholesterol decreased by 8.3% from 6.59 to 6.04 mmol/l, and LDL cholesterol decreased by 12.6% from 4.44 to 3.88 mmol/l. Plasma phytosterol levels increased by 45% (sitosterol) and 105% (campesterol). Cholesterol-adjusted plasma α- and β-carotene levels decreased by 19-23%, lutein by 14%, and lycopene by 11%. Levels of α-carotene and lutein increased with extra fruit and vegetables. Only lycopene failed to increase during the washout phase. There were no significant changes in biochemical parameters. Serum LDL cholesterol lowering with 6.6 g/day ingested phytosterols was in the range seen with 1.6-3.2 g/day phytosterols. Lowering of plasma carotenoids was greater than that seen with lower phytosterol intake and was partially reversed by increased fruit and vegetable intake.
| Language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages | 1493-1499 |
| Number of pages | 7 |
| Journal | Journal of Lipid Research |
| Volume | 45 |
| Issue number | 8 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Aug 2004 |
Keywords
- Campesterol
- Low density lipoprotein cholesterol
- Sitosterol
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Endocrinology
Cite this
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High dietary intake of phytosterol esters decreases carotenoids and increases plasma plant sterol levels with no additional cholesterol lowering. / Clifton, Peter M.; Noakes, Manny; Ross, Donna; Fassoulakis, Andriana; Cehun, Marja; Nestel, Paul.
In: Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 45, No. 8, 08.2004, p. 1493-1499.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
TY - JOUR
T1 - High dietary intake of phytosterol esters decreases carotenoids and increases plasma plant sterol levels with no additional cholesterol lowering
AU - Clifton, Peter M.
AU - Noakes, Manny
AU - Ross, Donna
AU - Fassoulakis, Andriana
AU - Cehun, Marja
AU - Nestel, Paul
PY - 2004/8
Y1 - 2004/8
N2 - The objective of this study was to measure the effects on serum lipids and plasma phytosterols of 6.6 g/day phytosterols from three foods (bread, breakfast cereal, and spread) consumed for 12 weeks compared with a diet that was not enriched with phytosterols. Thirty-five subjects undertook a nonrandomized, single-blind study consisting of a 2 week baseline period, 6 weeks on high-phytosterol intake, 6 weeks on high-phytosterol intake plus increased fruit and vegetable intake, and a final 2 week washout period. Serum total cholesterol decreased by 8.3% from 6.59 to 6.04 mmol/l, and LDL cholesterol decreased by 12.6% from 4.44 to 3.88 mmol/l. Plasma phytosterol levels increased by 45% (sitosterol) and 105% (campesterol). Cholesterol-adjusted plasma α- and β-carotene levels decreased by 19-23%, lutein by 14%, and lycopene by 11%. Levels of α-carotene and lutein increased with extra fruit and vegetables. Only lycopene failed to increase during the washout phase. There were no significant changes in biochemical parameters. Serum LDL cholesterol lowering with 6.6 g/day ingested phytosterols was in the range seen with 1.6-3.2 g/day phytosterols. Lowering of plasma carotenoids was greater than that seen with lower phytosterol intake and was partially reversed by increased fruit and vegetable intake.
AB - The objective of this study was to measure the effects on serum lipids and plasma phytosterols of 6.6 g/day phytosterols from three foods (bread, breakfast cereal, and spread) consumed for 12 weeks compared with a diet that was not enriched with phytosterols. Thirty-five subjects undertook a nonrandomized, single-blind study consisting of a 2 week baseline period, 6 weeks on high-phytosterol intake, 6 weeks on high-phytosterol intake plus increased fruit and vegetable intake, and a final 2 week washout period. Serum total cholesterol decreased by 8.3% from 6.59 to 6.04 mmol/l, and LDL cholesterol decreased by 12.6% from 4.44 to 3.88 mmol/l. Plasma phytosterol levels increased by 45% (sitosterol) and 105% (campesterol). Cholesterol-adjusted plasma α- and β-carotene levels decreased by 19-23%, lutein by 14%, and lycopene by 11%. Levels of α-carotene and lutein increased with extra fruit and vegetables. Only lycopene failed to increase during the washout phase. There were no significant changes in biochemical parameters. Serum LDL cholesterol lowering with 6.6 g/day ingested phytosterols was in the range seen with 1.6-3.2 g/day phytosterols. Lowering of plasma carotenoids was greater than that seen with lower phytosterol intake and was partially reversed by increased fruit and vegetable intake.
KW - Campesterol
KW - Low density lipoprotein cholesterol
KW - Sitosterol
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=3442881581&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1194/jlr.M400074-JLR200
DO - 10.1194/jlr.M400074-JLR200
M3 - Article
VL - 45
SP - 1493
EP - 1499
JO - Journal of Lipid Research
T2 - Journal of Lipid Research
JF - Journal of Lipid Research
SN - 0022-2275
IS - 8
ER -